Exercise-induced Hyperglycemia (high blood sugar during or after exercise) and Exercise-induced Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar during or after exercise)

^{A closer look into exercise-induced hypoglycemia and exercise-induced hyperglycemia will be a further step in understanding the biomechanism of the development of both types of diabetes.}

In some people, exercises cause hypoglycemia, and in others, it causes hyperglycemia.

“Low blood sugar, hypoglycemia, can occur during or after exercise when the body has used a high level of its stored sugar (glycogen).”

“High blood sugar (hyperglycemia) can also occur during exercise, particularly after short bursts of strenuous activity.” .. “When people with diabetes participate in sport, whether they are children or adults, it is quite possible that they will experience low or high blood sugar levels.”

Diabetes.co.uk

Hypoglycemia during exercise is a common event due to an unbalance between training volume, nutrition, and external influences such as chronobiology, temperature or altitude, in subjects characterized by an acute and chronic increase in glucose effectiveness and insulin sensitivity.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11353874/#:~:text=Abstract,glucose%20effectiveness%20and%20insulin%20sensitivity.

Academics involved in research into type 1 diabetes never stated that exercises could cause the pancreas to produce more or less insulin in Type 1 diabetics because they believed that in type 1 diabetics, the pancreas doesn’t make any insulin.

Since the discovery of insulin, it was believed that in Type 1 diabetics, the pancreas doesn’t produce insulin. The belief lasted until 2013.

A study from 2013 revealed that most people with type 1 diabetes still have active insulin-producing cells in their pancreas.

“The majority of patients with long-duration type 1 diabetes are insulin microsecretors and have functioning beta cells.”

Oram RA, Jones AG, Besser RE, Knight BA, Shields BM, Brown RJ, Hattersley AT, McDonald TJ. The majority of patients with long-duration type 1 diabetes are insulin microsecretors and have functioning beta cells. Diabetologia. 2014 Jan;57(1):187-91. doi: 10.1007/s00125-013-3067-x. Erratum in: Diabetologia. 2014 Jan;57(1):262. PMID: 24121625; PMCID: PMC3855529. – National Library of Medicine https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24121625/

“Most patients with long-duration type 1 diabetes continue to secrete very low levels of endogenous insulin, which increase after meals.”

Oram, R.A., Jones, A.G., Besser, R.E.J. et al. The majority of patients with long-duration type 1 diabetes are insulin microsecretors and have functioning beta cells. Diabetologia 57, 187–191 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-013-3067-x

Type 1 diabetes mellitus as a disease of the β-cell (do not blame the immune system?) (Published 08 December 2020 in Nature Reviews Endocrinology) … The dogma describing T1DM as a disease characterized by total destruction of the insulin-producing β-cells has been shaken by immunohistochemistry studies performed on pancreatic specimens from patients with longstanding T1DM showing the presence of β-cells and insulin microsecretion (C-peptide value of <30 pmol/l) in the majority of these patients, implying that some β-cells resist or escape the immune attack, or that new β-cells are formed141,142.

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41574-020-00443-4#:~:text=Type%201%20diabetes%20mellitus%20is,innocent’)%20%CE%B2%2Dcells.

Exercise-induced hypoglycemia doesn’t just affect those with diabetes. In people without diabetes, exercise may cause hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia.

“Exercise-induced hyperglycaemia in the absence of diabetes”

R. M. Bracken,M. Edavalath,R. Morton,D. West,A. Fielding,S. Luzio,P. Underwood,J. W. Stephens
First published: 20 May 2010 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-5491.2010.02960.x

Exercise-induced hypoglycemia

The explanation for Exercise-induced hypoglycemia sounds a little bit odd. "Exercise hypoglycemia is attributed to glucose effectiveness and insulin sensitivity. Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11353874/. It is to expect that explanation for Exercise-induced hyperglycemia would be: " Exercise-induced hyperglycemia is attributed to glucose sensitivity and insulin effectiveness. ???? 

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Type 1 diabetes researchers never state that exercises can make the pancreas produce more insulin, but it is another situation when pharmaceuticals are involved.

“Glyburide, glipizide and glimepiride ……. This group of medicines ….. stimulating beta cells to make more insulin.”

Diabetes Teaching Center at the University of California, San Francisco

So, according to academics, pharmaceuticals (dangerous pharmaceuticals) can make the pancreas secrete more insulin, but exercises can’t. .. ???

It should be evident that exercise-induced hypoglycemia is because the pancreas produces more insulin. _{(Actually, hypoglycemia is caused by injecting more artificial insulin than the body needs during or soon after exercise.)} Also, it should be apparent that exercise-induced hyperglycaemia is because the pancreas produces less insulin than the body needs. ^{_{(Exercises induced hyperglycemia requires injecting more artificial insulin but only in type 1 diabetics, not in people without diabetes because soon after exercises, their pancreas resumes sufficient insulin production.)}}

The type of breathing (breathing biomechanics) during exercises determines the outcome of hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia.

After exercise human body return to a habitual way of breathing. In people without diabetes, a habitual way of breathing provides sufficient mechanical stimulation to the pancreas, causing the pancreas to produce enough insulin that the body needs.

“The endocrine component of the pancreas consists of islet cells (islets of Langerhans) that create and release important hormones directly into the bloodstream. Two of the main pancreatic hormones are insulin, which acts to lower blood sugar, and glucagon, which acts to raise blood sugar.“

Citation

“Furthermore, alpha cell responses to both rising and falling levels of glucose appear compromised in type 1 diabetes mellitus. In health, an increase in glucose, for example following a meal, results in an increase in insulin secretion and either a decrease or no change in glucagon.”

Alpha cell function in type 1 diabetes ( British Journal of Diabetes)

Pancreatic Exocrine Insufficiency in Type I Diabetes … “Abnormalities in histological features and imaging (MRI, CT, and ultrasound) of the pancreas of diabetic patients have been reported, as well as atrophy, fibrosis, changes in size, and morphology;” .. “Pancreatic Exocrine Insufficiency (PEI) seems to occur early in type I diabetes patients,”

Piciucchi M, Capurso G, Archibugi L, Delle Fave MM, Capasso M, Delle Fave G. Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in diabetic patients: prevalence, mechanisms, and treatment. Int J Endocrinol. 2015;2015:595649. doi: 10.1155/2015/595649. Epub 2015 Mar 29. PMID: 25892991; PMCID: PMC4393909.

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Below are links to the authors’ research work on Type 1 Diabetes from 2004 through 2012.

1. Postural Profile of People with Type 1 Diabetes – https://www.modernscienceofbiomechanics.com/biomechanology-of-type-1-diabetes/postural-profile-of-people-with-type-1-diabetes
2. Musculoskeletal Profile of Normal Weight People without and with T1D – https://www.modernscienceofbiomechanics.com/biomechanology-of-type-1-diabetes/musculoskeletal-profile-of-normal-weight-people-withou
3. A Link Between Occupation and Type 1 Diabetes – https://www.modernscienceofbiomechanics.com/biomechanology-of-type-1-diabetes/a-link-between-occupation-and-type-1-diabetes
4. Weight Loss and Type 1 Diabetes – https://www.modernscienceofbiomechanics.com/biomechanology-of-type-1-diabetes/weight-loss-and-type-1-diabetes
5. Obesity and Type 1 Diabetes – https://www.modernscienceofbiomechanics.com/biomechanology-of-type-1-diabetes/obesity-and-type-1-diabetes
6. Insulin Therapy and Weight Gain – https://www.modernscienceofbiomechanics.com/biomechanology-of-type-1-diabetes/insulin-therapy-and-weight-gain
7. Spontaneous Remission of Type 1 Diabetes – https://www.modernscienceofbiomechanics.com/biomechanology-of-type-1-diabetes/spontaneous-remission-of-type-1-diabetes
8. Post-exercise Hypoglycemia – https://www.modernscienceofbiomechanics.com/biomechanology-of-type-1-diabetes/post-exercise-hypoglycemia
9. What Stimulates the Pancreas to Work Properly – https://www.modernscienceofbiomechanics.com/biomechanology-of-type-1-diabetes/what-stimulates-the-pancreas-to-work-properly
10. Type 1 Diabetes in American Indians, Alaska Natives – https://www.modernscienceofbiomechanics.com/biomechanology-of-type-1-diabetes/type-1-diabetes-in-american-indians-and-alaska-natives
11. Chiropractic Pioneering Research into Type 1 Diabetes – https://www.modernscienceofbiomechanics.com/biomechanology-of-type-1-diabetes/chiropractic-pioneering-research-into-type-1-diabetes